PHRASELOGICIAL UNITS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGES

Abstract

We have identified criteria of referring the PU to class of phraseological units of component of relationship; have given the semantic & etymological characteristics of the PU; have researched & described  significative-denotative meaning; evaluative, emotionally - xpressive and functional-stylistic components of connotation; have revealed a system of paradigms of the PU with the component of relationship.The relationship between the phraseological meaning and the material form of the PU is carried  by means of formal semantic elements - semes. The semantic peculiarity of the PU consists in the specific of semes combination.It is necessary to distinguish between integral and differential semes. The integral seme is a common one & serves to unite the PU in certain phraseo-semantic groups, the differential seme is an additional semantic feature, which performs a distinctive function [2].The scientific novelty consists in the fact that the first time is used an attempt of the PU with the components of relationship analysis from the point of view of semantics, as well as their functioning in mass media. George Lakoff and Mark Johnson say about the importance of using the metaphors in real life in the book "Metaphors We Live By": "Many of our activities (arguing, solving problems, budgeting time, etc. are metaphorical in nature.The metaphorical concepts that characterize those activities structure our present reality" [1].