APPLICATION OF LOW-FIELD NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE (LF-NMR) AND MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) IN FOOD ANALYSIS

Abstract View PDF Download PDF

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##

Tracy Naa Adoley Addotey,
Richmond Godwin Afful
Alberta Osei Barimah

Abstract

NMR/MRI spectroscopy is a reliable approach for analyzing mixtures at the molecular level without the need
for separation or purification, making it excellent for food science applications. With the recent breakthroughs in
the field, low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF- NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have shown
to be fast, reliable and aids in non-invasive characterization of foods, which makes it an alternative to the
laborious conventional techniques. The application of this novel technique has been explored by food scientists
and continue to make advances in it’s extensive application for food analysis and processing. This review
focused on current applications of LF-NMR/MRI in food research precisely in quality control, food processing,
food authentication, 3D printability and food packaging. Limitations as well as future prospects in LFNMR/
MRI applications were briefly discussed.

##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##

How to Cite
[1]
Tracy Naa Adoley Addotey, Richmond Godwin Afful, and Alberta Osei Barimah, “APPLICATION OF LOW-FIELD NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE (LF-NMR) AND MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) IN FOOD ANALYSIS”, IEJRD - International Multidisciplinary Journal, vol. 7, no. 1, p. 18, Feb. 2022.

References

  1. Agiomyrgianaki, A., Petrakis, P. V., & Dais, P. (2012). Influence of harvest year, cultivar and
  2. geographical origin on Greek extra virgin olive oils composition: A study by NMR spectroscopy and
  3. biometric analysis. Food Chemistry, 135(4), 2561–2568. https:// doi.o rg/10.1 016/J. FOODC HEM
  4. .2012.07.050
  5. Akanbi, T. O., & Barrow, C. J. (2018). Compositional Information Useful for Authentication of Krill
  6. Oil and the Detection of Adulterants. Food Analytical Methods, 11(1), 178–187.
  7. https://doi.org/10.1007/S12161-017-0988-X/FIGURES/6
  8. Ali, S., Zhang, W., Rajput, N., Khan, M. A., Li, C. B., & Zhou, G. H. (2015). Effect of multiple freezethaw
  9. cycles on the quality of chicken breast meat. Food Chemistry, 173, 808–814.
  10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.09.095
  11. Alonso-Salces, R. M., Moreno-Rojas, J. M., Holland, M. V., Reniero, F., Guillou, C., & Héberger, K.
  12. (2010). Virgin olive oil authentication by multivariate analyses of 1H NMR fingerprints and γ13c and
  13. γ2h data. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58(9), 5586–5596.
  14. https://doi.org/10.1021/JF903989B
  15. Araujo, P., Tilahun, E., & Zeng, Y. (2018). A novel strategy for discriminating marine oils by using the
  16. positional distribution (sn-1, sn-2, sn-3) of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in triacylglycerols.
  17. Talanta, 182, 32–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TALANTA.2018.01.030
  18. Bertelli, D., Lolli, M., Papotti, G., Bortolotti, L., Serra, G., & Plessi, M. (2010). Detection of honey
  19. adulteration by sugar syrups using one-dimensional and two-dimensional high-resolution nuclear
  20. magnetic resonance. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58(15), 8495–8501.
  21. https://doi.org/10.1021/JF101460T
  22. Bourne, M. C. (2002). Food Texture and Viscosity: Concept and Measurement. Academic Press.
  23. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2009-0-03042-6
  24. Bushong, S. C., & Clarke, G. (2015). Magnetic Resonance Principles: Physical and Biological
  25. Principles.
  26. Butz, P., Hofmann, C., & Tauscher, B. (2005). Recent developments in noninvasive techniques for
  27. fresh fruit and vegetable internal quality analysis. Journal of Food Science, 70(9), R131–R141.
  28. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2005.tb08328.x
  29. Chen, H. zhi, Zhang, M., & Yang, C. hui. (2021). Comparative analysis of 3D printability and
  30. rheological properties of surimi gels via LF-NMR and dielectric characteristics. Journal of Food
  31. Engineering, 292(August 2020), 110278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2020.110278
  32. Cheng, J. H., Dai, Q., Sun, D. W., Zeng, X. A., Liu, D., & Pu, H. Bin. (2013). Applications of nondestructive
  33. spectroscopic techniques for fish quality and safety evaluation and inspection. Trends in
  34. Food Science & Technology, 34(1), 18–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2013.08.005
  35. Cheng, X. F., Zhang, M., Adhikari, B., & Islam, M. N. (2014). Effect of power ultrasound and pulsed
  36. vacuum treatments on the dehydration kinetics, distribution, and status of water in osmotically
  37. dehydrated strawberry: a combined NMR and DSC study. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 7(10),
  38. –2792. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-014-1355-1
  39. Clausen, M. R., Edelenbos, M., & Bertram, H. C. (2014). Mapping the variation of the carrot
  40. metabolome using 1H NMR spectroscopy and consensus PCA. Journal of Agricultural and Food
  41. Chemistry, 62(19), 4392–4398. https://doi.or /10.1021/J F5014555/S UPPL_FIL E/JF501455 5_SI
  42. _002.PDF
  43. Dalitz, F., Cudaj, M., Maiwald, M., & Guthausen, G. (2012). Process and reaction monitoring by lowfield
  44. NMR spectroscopy. Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, 60, 52–70.
  45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnmrs.2011.11.003
  46. Divya, S., Thyagarajan, D., & Sujatha, G. (n.d.). MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
  47. TECHNOLOGY FOR PROCESS CONTROL AND QUALITY MAINTENANCE IN FOOD
  48. QUALITY OPERATION.
  49. Du, Y., Zhang, M., & Chen, H. (2021). Effect of whey protein on the 3D printing performance of
  50. konjac hybrid gel. LWT, 140, 110716. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.LWT.2020.110716
  51. Ellis, D. I., Brewster, V. L., Dunn, W. B., Allwood, J. W., Golovanov, A. P., & Goodacre, R. (2012).
  52. Fingerprinting food: Current technologies for the detection of food adulteration and contamination.
  53. Chemical Society Reviews, 41(17), 5706–5727. https://doi.org/10.1039/C2CS35138B
  54. Erikson, U., Standal, I. B., Aursand, I. G., Veliyulin, E., & Aursand, M. (2012). Use of NMR in fish
  55. processing optimization: a review of recent progress. Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry, 50(7), 471–
  56. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrc.3825
  57. Ezeanaka, M. C., Nsor-Atindana, J., & Zhang, M. (1947). Online Low-field Nuclear Magnetic
  58. Resonance (LF-NMR) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for Food Quality Optimization in
  59. Food Processing. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-019-02296-w
  60. Feng, C., Zhang, M., Bhandari, B., & Ye, Y. (2020). Use of potato processing by-product: Effects on
  61. the 3D printing characteristics of the yam and the texture of air-fried yam snacks. LWT, 125, 109265.
  62. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.LWT.2020.109265
  63. Geng, S., Wang, H., Wang, X., Ma, X., Xiao, S., Wang, J., & Tan, M. (2015). A non-invasive NMR
  64. and MRI method to analyze the rehydration of dried sea cucumber. Analytical Methods, 7(6), 2413–
  65. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ay03007a
  66. Godoi, F. C., Prakash, S., & Bhandari, B. R. (2016). 3d printing technologies applied for food design:
  67. Status and prospects. Journal of Food Engineering, 179, 44–54.
  68. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JFOODENG.2016.01.025
  69. Gostan, T., Moreau, C., Juteau, A., Guichard, E., & Delsuc, M. A. (2004). Measurement of aroma
  70. compound self-diffusion in food models by DOSY. Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry : MRC, 42(6),
  71. –499. https://doi.org/10.1002/MRC.1383
  72. Gudjónsdóttir, M., Jónsson, Á., Bergsson, A. B., Arason, S., & Rustad, T. (2011). Shrimp processing
  73. assessed by low field nuclear magnetic resonance, near infrared spectroscopy, and physicochemical
  74. measurements—the effect of polyphosphate content and length of prebrining on shrimp muscle.
  75. Journal of Food Science, 76(4), E357–E367. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02112.x
  76. Gudjónsdóttir, M., Karlsdóttir, M. G., Arason, S., & Rustad, T. (2013). Injection of fish protein
  77. solutions of fresh saithe (Pollachius virens) fillets studied by low field nuclear magnetic resonance and
  78. physicochemical measurements. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 50(2), 228–238.
  79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-011-0348-6
  80. Gudjónsdóttir, M., Napitupulu, R. J., & Petty Kristinsson, H. T. (2019). Low field NMR for quality
  81. monitoring of 3D printed surimi from cod by‐ products: Effects of the pH‐ shift method compared
  82. with conventional washing. Undefined, 57(9), 638–648. https://doi.org/10.1002/MRC.4855
  83. Hall, L. D., Evans, S. D., & Nott, K. P. (1998). Measurement of textural changes of food by MRI
  84. relaxometry. Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 16(5–6), 485–492. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0730-
  85. X(98)00116-7
  86. Hou, X., Wang, G., Wang, X., Ge, X., Fan, Y., & Nie, S. (2020). Convolutional neural network based
  87. approach for classification of edible oils using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance. Journal of Food
  88. Composition and Analysis, 92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103566
  89. Huang, H., Yu, H., Xu, H., & Ying, Y. (2008). Near infrared spectroscopy for on/in-line monitoring of
  90. quality in foods and beverages: a review. Journal of Food Engineering, 87(3), 303–313.
  91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2007.12.022
  92. Jakes, W., Gerdova, A., Defernez, M., Watson, A. D., McCallum, C., Limer, E., Colquhoun, I. J.,
  93. Williamson, D. C., & Kemsley, E. K. (2015). Authentication of beef versus horse meat using 60 MHz
  94. H NMR spectroscopy. Food Chemistry, 175, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.11.110
  95. Jiang, J., Gong, L., Dong, Q., Kang, Y., Osako, K., & Li, L. (2020). Characterization of PLA-P3,4HB
  96. active film incorporated with essential oil: Application in peach preservation. Food Chemistry,
  97. (June 2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.126134
  98. Jin, H., Lu, Q., Chen, X., Ding, H., Gao, H., & Jin, S. (2016). The use of Raman spectroscopy in food
  99. processes: a review. Applied Spectroscopy Reviews, 51(1), 12–22.
  100. https://doi.org/10.1080/05704928.2015.1087404
  101. Kim, D., & Seo, J. (2018). A review: Breathable films for packaging applications. Trends in Food
  102. Science and Technology, 76(July 2017), 15–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2018.03.020
  103. Krause, A., Wu, Y., Tian, R., & Van Beek, T. A. (2018). Is Low-field NMR a Complementary Tool to
  104. GC-MS in Quality Control of Essential Oils? A Case Study: Patchouli Essential Oil. Planta Medica,
  105. (12–13), 953–963. https://doi.org/10.1055/A-0605-3967
  106. Kreyenschulte, D., Paciok, E., Regestein, L., Blümich, B., & Büchs, J. (2015). Online monitoring of
  107. fermentation processes via non-invasive low-field NMR. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 112(9),
  108. –1821. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.25599
  109. Laghi, L., Versari, A., Marcolini, E., Parpinello, G. P., Laghi, L., Versari, A., Marcolini, E., &
  110. Parpinello, G. P. (2014). Metabonomic Investigation by 1H-NMR to Discriminate between Red Wines
  111. from Organic and Biodynamic Grapes. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 5(1), 52–59.
  112. https://doi.org/10.4236/FNS.2014.51007
  113. Lamanna, R., Piscioneri, I., Romanelli, V., & Sharma, N. (2008). A preliminary study of soft cheese
  114. degradation in different packaging conditions by 1H-NMR. Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry, 46(9),
  115. –831. https://doi.org/10.1002/MRC.2258
  116. Le Tohic, C., O’Sullivan, J. J., Drapala, K. P., Chartrin, V., Chan, T., Morrison, A. P., Kerry, J. P., &
  117. Kelly, A. L. (2018). Effect of 3D printing on the structure and textural properties of processed cheese.
  118. Journal of Food Engineering, 220, 56–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JFOODENG.2017.02.003
  119. Li, D., Li, L., Xiao, G., Limwachiranon, J., Xu, Y., Lu, H., Yang, D., & Luo, Z. (2018). Effects of
  120. elevated CO2 on energy metabolism and γ-aminobutyric acid shunt pathway in postharvest strawberry
  121. fruit. Food Chemistry, 265, 281–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FOODCHEM.2018.05.106
  122. Lund, D. (2003). Predicting the impact of food processing on food constituents. Journal of Food
  123. Engineering, 56(2–3), 113–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0260-8774(02)00322-9
  124. Lv, W., Zhang, M., Wang, Y., & Adhikari, B. (2018). Online measurement of moisture content,
  125. moisture distribution, and state of water in corn kernels during microwave vacuum drying using novel
  126. smart NMR/MRI detection system. Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/07373937.2017.1418751, 36(13), 1592–
  127. https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2017.1418751
  128. Ma, L., Zhang, M., Xu, J., & Bai, B. (2021). Quality evaluation of Kungpao Chicken as affected by
  129. radio frequency combined with ZnO nanoparticles. LWT, 135, 110203.
  130. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.LWT.2020.110203
  131. Mantihal, S., Prakash, S., & Bhandari, B. (2019). Textural modification of 3D printed dark chocolate
  132. by varying internal infill structure. Food Research International, 121, 648–657.
  133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2018.12.034
  134. Marcone, M. F., Wang, S., Albabish, W., Nie, S., Somnarain, D., & Hill, A. (2013). Diverse foodbased
  135. applications of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology. In Food Research International
  136. (Vol. 51, Issue 2, pp. 729–747). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2012.12.046
  137. Miklos, R., Cheong, L. Z., Xu, X., Lametsch, R., & Larsen, F. H. (2015). Water and fat mobility in
  138. myofibrillar protein gels explored by low-field NMR. Food Biophysics, 10(3), 316–323.
  139. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11483-015-9392-5
  140. Nordon, A., McGill, C. A., & Littlejohn, D. (2001). Process NMR spectrometry. Analyst, 126(2), 260–
  141. https://doi.org/10.1039/b009293m
  142. Ozel, B., & Oztop, M. H. (2021). A quick look to the use of time domain nuclear magnetic resonance
  143. relaxometry and magnetic resonance imaging for food quality applications. In Current Opinion in Food
  144. Science (Vol. 41, pp. 122–129). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cofs.2021.03.012
  145. Pentimalli, M., Capitani, D., Ferrando, A., Ferri, D., Ragni, P., & Segre, A. L. (2000). Gamma
  146. irradiation of food packaging materials: an NMR study. Polymer, 41(8), 2871–2881.
  147. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(99)00473-5
  148. Pereira, F. M. V., & Colnago, L. A. (2012). Determination of the Moisture Content in Beef Without
  149. Weighing Using Benchtop Time-Domain Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer and
  150. Chemometrics. Food Analytical Methods, 5(6), 1349–1353. https://doi.org/10.1007/S12161-012-9383-
  151. Pérez, B., Nykvist, H., Brøgger, A. F., Larsen, M. B., & Falkeborg, M. F. (2007). Result. Food
  152. Chemistry, 287, 249–257. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FOODCHEM.2019.02.090
  153. Phuhongsung, P., Zhang, M., & Devahastin, S. (2020). Investigation on 3D printing ability of soybean
  154. protein isolate gels and correlations with their rheological and textural properties via LF-NMR
  155. spectroscopic characteristics. LWT, 122, 109019. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.LWT.2020.109019
  156. Pykett, I. L. (2000). NMR - a powerful tool for industrial process control and quality assurance. IEEE
  157. Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 10(1), 721–723. https://doi.org/10.1109/77.828333
  158. Ramanjooloo, A., Bhaw-Luximon, A., Jhurry, D., & Cadet, F. (2009). 1H NMR quantitative
  159. assessment of lactic acid produced by biofermentation of cane sugar juice. Spectroscopy Letters, 42(6–
  160. , 296–304. https://doi.org/10.1080/00387010903178632
  161. Razavi, M. S., Asghari, A., Azadbakh, M., & Shamsabadi, H. A. (2018). Analyzing the pear bruised
  162. volume after static loading by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Scientia Horticulturae, 229, 33–39.
  163. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCIENTA.2017.10.011
  164. Riegel SD. (2015). Determination of olive oil adulteration with 60-MHz benchtop NMR spectrometry.
  165. American Laboratory, 47(2), 16–19. https://www.americanlaboratory.com/914-Application-
  166. Notes/172517-Determination-of-Olive-Oil-Adulteration-With-60-MHz-Benchtop-NMR-Spectrometry/
  167. Sangpring, Y., Fukuoka, M., & Ratanasumawong, S. (2015). The effect of sodium chloride on
  168. microstructure, water migration, and texture of rice noodle. LWT - Food Science and Technology,
  169. (2), 1107–1113. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.LWT.2015.07.035
  170. Sekiyama, Y., Horigane, A. K., Ono, H., Irie, K., Maeda, T., & Yoshida, M. (2012). T2 distribution of
  171. boiled dry spaghetti measured by MRI and its internal structure observed by fluorescence microscopy.
  172. Food Research International, 48(2), 374–379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2012.05.019
  173. Shao, J. H., Deng, Y. M., Song, L., Batur, A., Jia, N., & Liu, D. Y. (2016). Investigation the effects of
  174. protein hydration states on the mobility water and fat in meat batters by LF-NMR technique. LWTFood
  175. Science and Technology, 66, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2015.10.008
  176. Shao, X., & Li, Y. (2013). Application of low-field NMR to analyze water characteristics and predict
  177. unfrozen water in blanched sweet corn. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 6(6), 1593–1599.
  178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-011-0727-z
  179. Shi, F., Li, Y., Wang, L., Yang, Y., Lu, K., Wu, S., & Ming, J. (2018). Measurement of moisture
  180. transformation and distribution in Tricholoma matsutake by low field nuclear magnetic resonance
  181. during the hot-air drying process. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 42(3), e13565.
  182. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.13565
  183. Song, Y., Cheng, S., Wang, H., Zhu, B. W., Zhou, D., Yang, P., & Tan, M. (2018). Variable
  184. temperature nuclear magnetic resonance and magnetic resonance imaging system as a novel technique
  185. for in situ monitoring of food phase transition. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 66(3),
  186. –747. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04334
  187. Uribe-Alvarez, R., O’Shea, N., Murphy, C. P., Coleman-Vaughan, C., & Guinee, T. P. (2021).
  188. Evaluation of rennet-induced gelation under different conditions as a potential method for 3D food
  189. printing of dairy-based high-protein formulations. Food Hydrocolloids, 114.
  190. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FOODHYD.2020.106542
  191. Wang, J., Liu, C., & Sun, D. (2018). Study on relationship between polar compounds and LF-NMR
  192. properties in fried camellia seed oil. Journal of Food and Nutrition Research, 6(7), 433–438.
  193. https://doi.org/10.12691/jfnr-6-7-2
  194. Wang, L., Zhang, M., Bhandari, B., & Yang, C. (2018). Investigation on fish surimi gel as promising
  195. food material for 3D printing. Undefined, 220, 101–108.
  196. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JFOODENG.2017.02.029
  197. Wang, T., Liu, T., Wang, Z., Tian, X., Yang, Y., Guo, M., Chu, J., & Zhuang, Y. (2016). A rapid and
  198. accurate quantification method for real-time dynamic analysis of cellular lipids during microalgal
  199. fermentation processes in Chlorella protothecoides with low field nuclear magnetic resonance. Journal
  200. of Microbiological Methods, 124, 13–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2016.03.003
  201. Wu, J., Li, Y., & Gao, X. (2016). Monitoring a typical fermentation process of natto by low-field
  202. nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. Analytical
  203. Methods, 8(39), 7135–7140. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ay00814c
  204. Xin, Y., Zhang, M., & Adhikari, B. (2013). Effect of trehalose and ultrasound-assisted osmotic
  205. dehydration on the state of water and glass transition temperature of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var.
  206. botrytis L.). Journal of Food Engineering, 119(3), 640–647.
  207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.06.035
  208. www.iejrd.com SJIF: 7.169 18
  209. Yang, D., & Ying, Y. (2011). Applications of Raman spectroscopy in agricultural products and food
  210. analysis: a review. Applied Spectroscopy Reviews, 46(7), 539–560. https ://doi.or g/10.1080 /0570492
  211. 2011.593216
  212. Yue, X., Sun, J., Yang, T., Dong, Q., Li, T., Ding, S., Liang, X., Feng, K., Gao, X., Yang, M., Huang,
  213. G., & Zhang, J. (2021). Rapid detection of Salmonella in milk by a nuclear magnetic resonance
  214. biosensor based on the streptavidin-biotin system and O-carboxymethyl chitosan target gadolinium
  215. probe. Journal of Dairy Science, 104(11), 11486–11498. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2021-20716
  216. Zehl, M., Braunberger, C., Conrad, J., Crnogorac, M., Krasteva, S., Vogler, B., Beifuss, U., & Krenn,
  217. L. (2011). Identification and quantification of flavonoids and ellagic acid derivatives in therapeutically
  218. important Drosera species by LC-DAD, LC-NMR, NMR, and LC-MS. Analytical and Bioanalytical
  219. Chemistry, 400(8), 2565–2576. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00216-011-4690-3
  220. Zhang, Q. Q., Li, W., Li, H. K., Chen, X. H., Jiang, M., & Dong, M. S. (2017). Low-field nuclear
  221. magnetic resonance for online determination of water content during sausage fermentation. Journal of
  222. Food Engineering, 212, 291–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.05.021
  223. Zhang, Y., Zhang, T., Fan, D., Li, J., & Fan, L. (2018). The description of oil absorption behavior of
  224. potato chips during the frying. LWT, 96, 119–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2018.04.094
  225. Zhu, W., Wang, X., & Chen, L. (2017). Rapid detection of peanut oil adulteration using low-field
  226. nuclear magnetic resonance and chemometrics. Food Chemistry, 216, 268–274.
  227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.08.051

Most read articles by the same author(s)

Obs.: This plugin requires at least one statistics/report plugin to be enabled. If your statistics plugins provide more than one metric then please also select a main metric on the admin's site settings page and/or on the journal manager's settings pages.